Add end-to-end test suite against real Garage via testcontainers

* internal/testutil/garage: spins up dxflrs/garage:v2.3.0 with
  --single-node --default-bucket so the bucket + access key are
  auto-created from env vars at startup, no CLI bootstrap dance.
  Each Start() call yields a fresh container with random creds and
  registers t.Cleanup teardown.

* e2e_test.go gated by build tag e2e exercises the compiled cacher
  binary against the container — covers init/doctor parity (the
  regression guard for the HeadBucket+signature bugs we hit on
  the real bucket), single-file round-trip, exit codes (1/2/3),
  URL fallback + cache fill, --hash-from parity with sha256sum,
  directory tar+zstd round-trip, and delimited list output.

* just test-e2e recipe; requires Docker on the host.

Total runtime ~30s after first image pull (~1.5s/container).