ci: install Go 1.26 toolchain + cmake on builds.srht

Ubuntu noble's `golang` apt package is too old to satisfy go.mod's
toolchain directive — `go build` aborted with "toolchain not available".
Drop the apt package, install the official Go 1.26.3 tarball into
~/.local/go, and update go.mod / bench/go/go.mod accordingly. Also add
cmake + build-essential so `tt rocks install luatest` can build its
`checks` dependency.

Initial commit: protoc-gen-tarantool plugin + pb runtime

A protoc plugin (Go) and a pure-Lua + LuaJIT-FFI runtime that give
Tarantool a complete proto3 + gRPC stack. Two codegen modes (full
inline / runtime descriptor), 226-test luatest suite, 18-fixture
mainline-protoc interop corpus, JSON codec, well-known types,
gRPC client/server factories, runtime .proto parser, microbench
harness with allocation regression gate.

Covers PLAN.md M1-M5. Module is `pb` (not `protobuf`) to avoid
colliding with Tarantool's built-in encode-only `protobuf` module.